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1-surveillance-system [2018/08/01 16:01] thorsten [1.1 Hazard] |
1-surveillance-system [2018/08/01 16:03] (current) thorsten [1.6 Review and surveillance context] |
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| * Sporadic; and | * Sporadic; and | ||
| * Recently introduced | * Recently introduced | ||
| - | \\ The scheme below summarizes how the disease status and the intended use of surveillance information affects the choice of surveillance objective (IMP: Implementation, SUS: Sustainment, INV: Investigation - see Haesler et al (2011)).\\ \\ {{ :files:surveillanceobjective.png?nolink&600 |}}\\ \\ According to the disease status and how surveillance information shall be used, surveillance designers should determine the main __surveillance objective__ of the surveillance system (please refer to FAQ2.5 of the [[http://www.fp7-risksur.eu/terminology/faq| Frequently Asked Questions ]]for details of the interpretation). Moreover, designers should think about the __surveillance purpose__, that is, how will the information collected in this surveillance system be used to inform policy decision (e.g. to eradicate or manage the occurrence of disease or inform trade).\\ \\ {{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&100 |}}__**Framework details:**__ The four main surveillance objectives around which the RISKSUR activities have been structured are:\\ | + | \\ The scheme below summarizes how the disease status and the intended use of surveillance information affects the choice of surveillance objective (IMP: Implementation, SUS: Sustainment, INV: Investigation - see Haesler et al (2011)).\\ \\ {{ :files:surveillanceobjective.png?nolink&600 |}}\\ \\ According to the disease status and how surveillance information shall be used, surveillance designers should determine the main __surveillance objective__ of the surveillance system (please refer to FAQ2.5 of the [[http://www.fp7-risksur.eu/terminology/faq| Frequently Asked Questions ]]for details of the interpretation). Moreover, designers should think about the __surveillance purpose__, that is, how will the information collected in this surveillance system be used to inform policy decision (e.g. to eradicate or manage the occurrence of disease or inform trade).\\ \\ {{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&50 |}}__**Framework details:**__ The four main surveillance objectives around which the RISKSUR activities have been structured are:\\ |
| * **Prevalence estimation**: This objective is appropriate if the target hazard is (thought to be) present in the territory to be covered, and an assessment of the prevalence and or changes in prevalence over time is needed. | * **Prevalence estimation**: This objective is appropriate if the target hazard is (thought to be) present in the territory to be covered, and an assessment of the prevalence and or changes in prevalence over time is needed. | ||
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| \\ Although surveillance systems may be used to provide information to address several surveillance objectives as the design of surveillance is strongly dependent on the surveillance objective we limited users to choosing only //**one**// surveillance objective for their surveillance system. This should be the **//primary//** surveillance objective. If other (secondary) surveillance objectives are relevant, the user should list that in the surveillance context information (step 1.6) and there is also an opportunity to indicate whether each of the components that contribute to the system address more than one surveillance objective in step 3.\\ \\ | \\ Although surveillance systems may be used to provide information to address several surveillance objectives as the design of surveillance is strongly dependent on the surveillance objective we limited users to choosing only //**one**// surveillance objective for their surveillance system. This should be the **//primary//** surveillance objective. If other (secondary) surveillance objectives are relevant, the user should list that in the surveillance context information (step 1.6) and there is also an opportunity to indicate whether each of the components that contribute to the system address more than one surveillance objective in step 3.\\ \\ | ||
| ===== Surveillance Purpose ===== | ===== Surveillance Purpose ===== | ||
| - | Surveillance purpose has a more global meaning compared to surveillance objective. Hence, surveillance purpose should depend on the outputs needed to support decision-making and thus be policy-driven. It should describe why surveillance is necessary and how, when combined with intervention measures, it will impact on public health, animal health or the economy.\\ \\ **__{{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&100 |}}Framework details:__**\\ The framework includes\\ | + | Surveillance purpose has a more global meaning compared to surveillance objective. Hence, surveillance purpose should depend on the outputs needed to support decision-making and thus be policy-driven. It should describe why surveillance is necessary and how, when combined with intervention measures, it will impact on public health, animal health or the economy.\\ \\ **__{{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&50 |}}Framework details:__**\\ The framework includes\\ |
| * Eight categories for “what surveillance will accomplish” and | * Eight categories for “what surveillance will accomplish” and | ||
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| \\ | \\ | ||
| ====== 1.4 Susceptible population ====== | ====== 1.4 Susceptible population ====== | ||
| - | \\ {{:files:info.png?nolink&50 |}}The surveillance designer should consider all the animal species susceptible to the hazard in question. This is equivalent to thinking of the __target population__, even if not all units can ultimately be reached by the surveillance system (actual study population). In later step of surveillance design, users will be advised to think about the specific targets for individual surveillance components – including the species and also animal production types/sectors, vectors or fomites (e.g. animal feed, environment). At this step, the designer should focus on identifying the animal species that may act as hosts.\\ \\ Susceptible species can be further differentiated according to their role in maintaining and transmitting infection (i.e. natural, aberrant and accidental hosts). Please ensure that you have sufficient background knowledge about the role of different hosts in disease transmission as that will influence the risk characteristics described below and also the choice of target population, and sampling design.\\ \\ {{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&100 |}}**__Framework details:__** This information will be used later in making decisions about surveillance activities (e.g. choice of target population) and to assess the coverage of the surveillance system.\\ \\ | + | \\ {{:files:info.png?nolink&50 |}}The surveillance designer should consider all the animal species susceptible to the hazard in question. This is equivalent to thinking of the __target population__, even if not all units can ultimately be reached by the surveillance system (actual study population). In later step of surveillance design, users will be advised to think about the specific targets for individual surveillance components – including the species and also animal production types/sectors, vectors or fomites (e.g. animal feed, environment). At this step, the designer should focus on identifying the animal species that may act as hosts.\\ \\ Susceptible species can be further differentiated according to their role in maintaining and transmitting infection (i.e. natural, aberrant and accidental hosts). Please ensure that you have sufficient background knowledge about the role of different hosts in disease transmission as that will influence the risk characteristics described below and also the choice of target population, and sampling design.\\ \\ {{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&50 |}}**__Framework details:__** This information will be used later in making decisions about surveillance activities (e.g. choice of target population) and to assess the coverage of the surveillance system.\\ \\ |
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| * when targeting population strata for risk-based sampling when the aim is early detection and | * when targeting population strata for risk-based sampling when the aim is early detection and | ||
| * for setting target probability of freedom when the aim is to demonstrate disease freedom (Cameron, A.; 2012a) | * for setting target probability of freedom when the aim is to demonstrate disease freedom (Cameron, A.; 2012a) | ||
| - | \\ {{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&100 |}}**__Framework details:__** In later steps of the surveillance design, when these risk characteristics could be relevant to define surveillance strategies, the answers provided by the user at this step are brought back (displayed as provided by the user) and the potential for system improvement through the incorporation of risk-based strategies is pointed out to the user, along with tools and advice for the design of risk-based surveillance.\\ \\ \\ | + | \\ {{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&50 |}}**__Framework details:__** In later steps of the surveillance design, when these risk characteristics could be relevant to define surveillance strategies, the answers provided by the user at this step are brought back (displayed as provided by the user) and the potential for system improvement through the incorporation of risk-based strategies is pointed out to the user, along with tools and advice for the design of risk-based surveillance.\\ \\ \\ |
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| * Disease control actions as a result of surveillance and results that would trigger those actions; | * Disease control actions as a result of surveillance and results that would trigger those actions; | ||
| * Institutions and person responsible for the surveillance system. | * Institutions and person responsible for the surveillance system. | ||
| - | \\ {{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&100 |}} Framework details: For designers using the RISKSUR framework, the answers provided in previous steps will be displayed in one screen, to give them the chance of reviewing the system overview. Additional questions (free-text answers) help the user detailing the //**contextual information**// listed above.\\ \\ **Please note that it is not possible to link documents to your answers, but where previous documentation exist - for instance a report submitted to the OIE and a recognition of disease freedom status - these documents can be referred to nominally in this documentation section, and these documents should then be saved in the same folder where the surveillance design outputs (Excel and/or PDF report) are saved, for future reference.**\\ \\ | + | \\ {{:files:risksur.jpg?nolink&50 |}} Framework details: For designers using the RISKSUR framework, the answers provided in previous steps will be displayed in one screen, to give them the chance of reviewing the system overview. Additional questions (free-text answers) help the user detailing the //**contextual information**// listed above.\\ \\ **Please note that it is not possible to link documents to your answers, but where previous documentation exist - for instance a report submitted to the OIE and a recognition of disease freedom status - these documents can be referred to nominally in this documentation section, and these documents should then be saved in the same folder where the surveillance design outputs (Excel and/or PDF report) are saved, for future reference.**\\ \\ |
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