**Cost** of surveillance includes each of the resources required to operate the surveillance system, like for instance: time, personnel, financial input and equipment. Please refer to the [[https://survtools.org/wiki/surveillance-evaluation/doku.php?id=cost-analysis|Cost-analysis tool]] from the [[https://survtools.org/wiki/surveillance-evaluation/doku.php?id=introduction-to-the-evaluation-of-animal-health-surveillance|Evaluation wikispace]] for more information.\\  .\\ \\ 

| \\ | **Surveillance design step**\\ | **Advice for improvement of COST**\\ |
| **1**\\ | **Surveillance system**\\ | \\ |
| **1.1**\\ | **Hazard**\\ | \\ |
| **1.2**\\ | **Surv. Objective**\\ | \\ |
| **1.3**\\ | **Geographical area covered**\\ | \\ |
| **1.4**\\ | **Susceptible species**\\ | \\ |
| **1.5**\\ | **Risk characteristics**\\ | \\ |
| **2**\\ | **Components overview**\\ | \\ |
| **3**\\ | **Target population**\\ | \\ |
| **3.1**\\ | **Target species**\\ | \\ |
| **3.2**\\ | **Target sector**\\ | \\ |
| **3.3**\\ | **Sectors missed**\\ | \\ |
| **3.4**\\ | **Geographical area covered**\\ | \\ |
| **3.5**\\ | **Target criteria**\\ | \\ |
| **3.6**\\ | **Percentage covered**\\ | \\ |
| **4**\\ | **Disease suspicion**\\ | \\ |
| **4.1**\\ | **Definition**\\ | \\ |
| **4.2**\\ | **Obligations**\\ | \\ |
| **4.3**\\ | **Notification procedures**\\ | \\ |
| **4.4**\\ | **Actions upon suspicions**\\ | \\ |
| **4.5**\\ | **Actions upon confirmation**\\ | \\ |
| **5**\\ | **Enhancements**\\ | \\ |
| **6**\\ | **Testing protocol**\\ | \\ |
| **6.1**\\ | **Type of test to be carried out**\\ | \\ |
| **6.2**\\ | **Type of sample to be collected**\\ | \\ |
| **6.3**\\ | **Pooling**\\ | Pooling samples, either at the point of collection or in the laboratory can reduce costs.\\ |
| **6.4**\\ | **Screening/first test**\\ | \\ |
| **6.5**\\ | **Confirmatory/ second test**\\ | \\ |
| **6.6**\\ | **Further details**\\ | \\ |
| **7**\\ | **Study design**\\ | \\ |
| **7.1**\\ | **Point of sample collection**\\ | The point at which samples are collected can influence the cost. For example collection samples at a collection point may be less costly than visiting individual farms.\\ |
| **7.2**\\ | **Selection of units**\\ | A well designed sample can provide equally good results but at lower cost\\ |
| **7.3**\\ | **Target unit**\\ | \\ |
| **7.4**\\ | **Sampling unit**\\ | \\ |
| **7.5**\\ | **Sampling design**\\ | \\ |
| **7.6**\\ | **Number of units in the target population**\\ | \\ |
| **7.7**\\ | **Sensitivity of the testing protocol**\\ | \\ |
| **7.8**\\ | **Specificity of the testing protocol**\\ | \\ |
| **8**\\ | **Sampling strategy**\\ | \\ |
| **8.1**\\ | **Sampling at the primary sampling unit (PSU) level:**\\ | \\ |
| **8.2**\\ | **Sampling at the secondary sampling unit (SSU) level:**\\ | \\ |
| **8.3**\\ | **Selection criteria WITHIN the population**\\ | \\ |
| **8.4**\\ | **Risk-based allocation**\\ | Risk-based surveillance may be more cost effective by reducing the amount of sampling by targeting only those areas/groups/times at higher risk.\\ |
| **8.5**\\ | **Sample size calculation**\\ | \\ |
| **8.6**\\ | **Sample allocation at the primary level**\\ | \\ |
| **8.7**\\ | **Sample allocation at the Secondary level**\\ | \\ |
| **8.8**\\ | **Sample collection timeline**\\ | \\ |
| **9**\\ | **Data Generation/ Sampling collection process**\\ | \\ |
| **9.1**\\ | **WHO will collect the samples?**\\ | More qualified staff will cost more to engage.\\ |
| **9.2**\\ | **HOW will samples be collected?**\\ | More time-consuming sampling approaches will influence labour cost.\\ |
| **9.3**\\ | **WHEN/HOW OFTEN will samples be collected?**\\ | More frequent sampling approaches will influence labour and test costs.\\ |
| **9.4**\\ | **Training**\\ | Training will influence costs (increase at first, but may save money later!).\\ |
| **9.5**\\ | **Follow-up**\\ | Good follow up will help to keep costs under control.\\ |
| **10**\\ | **Transfer means**\\ | \\ |
| **10.1**\\ | **HOW will samples be transferred?**\\ | The choice of how samples or data are transferred may be very influential on the costs.\\ |
| **10.2**\\ | **WHEN/HOW OFTEN will samples be collected?**\\ | The choice of how often samples or data are transferred may be very influential on the costs => usually more often, higher costs.\\ |
| **10.3**\\ | **Training**\\ | \\ |
| **11**\\ | **Data Translation/ sample analyses process**\\ | \\ |
| **11.1**\\ | **WHO will perform the analyses?**\\ | \\ |
| **11.2**\\ | **HOW will samples be analysed**\\ | \\ |
| **11.3**\\ | **WHEN/HOW OFTEN will samples be collected?**\\ | Batch or fixed schedule testing may help keep costs low particularly where automated batch testing can be used. Consult the laboratory to discuss.\\ |
| **11.4**\\ | **Expected LOAD**\\ | \\ |
| **11.5**\\ | **Training**\\ | Training can be costly. Methods such as the production of guidelines or manuals or on-line training may be as effective and cheaper than holding attended training courses.\\ |
| **11.6**\\ | **Follow-up**\\ | \\ |
| **12**\\ | **Epidemiological analyses**\\ | \\ |
| **12.1**\\ | **Are there any epidemiological DATA that need to be collected?**\\ | \\ |
| **12.2**\\ | **WHO will perform the analyses?**\\ | \\ |
| **12.3**\\ | **HOW will epidemiological analyses be performed?**\\ | \\ |
| **12.4**\\ | **WHEN/HOW OFTEN?**\\ | \\ |
| **12.5**\\ | **Training**\\ | Using on the job or on-line training where appropriate can reduce costs.\\ |
| **12.6**\\ | **Data management needs**\\ | \\ |
| **12.7**\\ | **Software needs**\\ | \\ |
| **13**\\ | **Dissemination of results**\\ | \\ |
| **13.1**\\ | **WHO will disseminate the results?**\\ | \\ |
| **13.2**\\ | **WHO is the TARGET of dissemination?**\\ | \\ |
| **13.3**\\ | **HOW will results be disseminated?**\\ | \\ |
| **13.4**\\ | **WHEN/HOW OFTEN?**\\ | \\ |
| **14**\\ | **Surveillance review**\\ | \\ |
| **14.1**\\ | **Who**\\ | \\ |
| **14.2**\\ | **When**\\ | \\ |
| **14.3**\\ | **How often**\\ | \\ |

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| [[/start|{{ :files:home.png?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ | [[/Design-surveillance|{{ :files:survDESIGN.png?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ | [[/RE-design-surveillance|{{ :files:SurvREdesign.png?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ | [[/Multi-hazard-surveillance|{{ :files:multihazard.png?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ | [[/RISKSUR-project-information-and-files|{{ :files:risksur.jpg?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ | [[{{ :files:RISKSUR_SurvDesFramework_PublicDRAFT.xlsm|{{ :files:ExcelTool.png?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ | [[/Examples|{{ :files:examples.png?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ | [[/Guided-tour-surveillance-objective-specific-road-maps|{{ :files:guidedTours.png?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ | [[/Glossary|{{ :files:glossary.png?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ | [[/References|{{ :files:references.png?nolink&200 |}}]]\\ |
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